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rom the 14th to the
17th Century, the western end of the border between Scotland and England was a turbulent
and lawless place. In these 'Debatable Lands' to the north of Carlisle, the line of the
border was not clearly defined. Many lives were lost as local families,like the
Armstrongs, Elliots and Grahams, fought to uphold their honour and to expand their
property and possessions in this remote land. he border 'Reivers' (an old name for robber or
bandit) carried out raids in which their victims lost their cattle, and sometimes their
lives. Carlisle was frequently attacked. Many of the places listed below contain a pele tower.
hese were small
stone buildings with walls from 3 to 10 feet thick, square or oblong in shape, which were
designed to withstand short sieges.
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